蔡女昔造胡笳声，一弹一十有八拍《听董大弹胡笳兼寄语弄房给事》李颀

《听董大弹胡笳兼寄语弄房给事》

【原文】

蔡女昔造胡笳声，一弹一十有八拍。

胡人落泪沾边草，汉使断肠对归客。

古戍苍苍烽火寒，大荒阴沉飞雪白。

先拂商弦后角羽，四郊秋叶惊摵摵。

董夫子，通神明，深松窃听来妖精。

言迟更速皆应手，将往复旋如有情。

空山百鸟散还合，万里浮云阴且晴。

嘶酸雏雁失群夜，断绝胡儿恋母声。

川为净其波，鸟亦罢其鸣。

乌珠部落家乡远，逻娑沙尘哀怨生。

幽音变调忽飘洒，长风吹林雨堕瓦。

迸泉飒飒飞木末，野鹿呦呦走堂下。

长安城边东掖垣，凤凰池对青琐门。

高才脱略名与利，日夕望君抱琴至。

《听董大弹胡笳兼寄语弄房给事》注释

注释:

１、蔡女：蔡琰（文姬）。

２、拍：乐曲的段落。

３、商弦、角羽：古以宫商角徵羽为五音。

４、：叶落声，喻琴声。

５、逻娑：今西藏拉萨市。

６、东掖垣：房任给事中，属门下省。

７、凤凰池：凤池，因接近皇帝之故而得此名。

【简析】：

这首诗也是写听琴的，从胡笳十八拍引起许多联想，充满边塞风情和历史回声。以视觉来写听觉，借助许多形象来表达自己的主观感受，是诗中常用的手法。因为诗是呈送房琯给事中的，所以结尾是对他的赞美，题虽云弄（戏）实际是借听琴来称赞房琯，表现了文人的心计。

ON HEARING DONG PLAY THE FLAGEOLET

A POEM TO PALACE-ATTENDANT FANG

When this melody for the flageolet was made by Lady Cai,

When long ago one by one she sang its eighteen stanzas,

Even the Tartars were shedding tears into the border grasses,

And the envoy of China was heart-broken, turning back home with his escort.

...Cold fires now of old battles are grey on ancient forts,

And the wilderness is shadowed with white new-flying snow.

...When the player first brushes the Shang string and the Jue and then the Yu,

Autumn-leaves in all four quarters are shaken with a murmur.

Dong, the master,

Must have been taught in heaven.

Demons come from the deep pine-wood and stealthily listen

To music slow, then quick, following his hand,

Now far away, now near again, according to his heart.

A hundred birds from an empty mountain scatter and return;

Three thousand miles of floating clouds darken and lighten;

A wildgoose fledgling, left behind, cries for its flock,

And a Tartar child for the mother he loves.

Then river waves are calmed

And birds are mute that were singing,

And Wuzu tribes are homesick for their distant land,

And out of the dust of Siberian steppes rises a plaintive sorrow.

...Suddenly the low sound leaps to a freer tune,

Like a long wind swaying a forest, a downpour breaking tiles,

A cascade through the air, flying over tree-tops.

...A wild deer calls to his fellows. He is running among the mansions

In the corner of the capital by the Eastern Palace wall....

Phoenix Lake lies opposite the Gate of Green Jade;

But how can fame and profit concern a man of genius?

Day and night I long for him to bring his lute again.